Palatine Hill is probably the most ancient part of Rome. According to the tradition, the hill was inhabited by wealthy and rich Romans who, attracted by the splendid position, built their own villas and palaces here. Ottaviano was born here and later adopted by Julius Caesar who then became the first "Augustus" emperor of Rome. Augustus's very simple lifestyle and attachment to the site, motivated him to choose the Palatine as the ideal place to have his Imperial Palace built.

The main portal in marble was decorated by an enormous group of statues so that the visitor would always see an incredible show of beauty. In this group of statues is also an immense Library, with Latin and Greek works. Then, in the middle of the Library was a large reading room, decorated with the statue of Augustus. There are portraits in bronze and silver of writers and personalities of that time. Augustus held frequently literary entertainments and plays there and only the best men of arts could take part. Today the only part of Palatine that is fairly preserved is the "House of Livia". Livia was the faithful wife of the first Roman emperor who was locked away in self exile after the death of her beloved husband.